Why specialization matters in blockchain scalability

The fragmentation problem plaguing current scaling solutions stems from a fundamental design flaw: general-purpose Layer 2 networks became bloated trying to do everything at once. State bloat and unnecessary Turing-completeness added complexity that nobody needed.

Here's the thing—specialized AppChains take a different approach. By narrowing focus to specific use cases, they stay lean and efficient. And mathematically speaking, achieving interoperability between simple, purpose-built chains is far more straightforward than bridging across complex, all-in-one systems.

The math doesn't lie. Simpler architectures reduce attack surface, lower computational overhead, and make cross-chain communication more reliable. When you strip away the bloat, you're left with something that actually works.