BNB Chain Switches Transaction Signatures to ML-DSA-44, TPS Drops 40%-50% in Post-Quantum Cryptography Migration

According to ChainCatcher, BNB Chain completed post-quantum cryptography migration testing on May 14. Transaction signatures have been switched from ECDSA to ML-DSA-44 (Dilithium), while consensus voting aggregation shifted from BLS12-381 to pqSTARK, using NIST-standardized quantum-resistant algorithms.

The migration significantly increased on-chain data volume: single transaction size grew from approximately 110 bytes to 2.5KB, and block size expanded from roughly 130KB to 2MB at 2,000 TPS. Testing showed TPS declined 40%-50% due to larger transaction data propagation rather than consensus protocol limitations. The pqSTARK aggregation scheme achieved 43:1 signature compression ratio, keeping validator overhead manageable.