*📰 TODAY IN HISTORY*

_📆 - May 31_

*📜 Events:*

* 1223 — A Mongol army led by the generals Jebe Noyon and Subedei defeats the armies of various Russian principalities in the Battle of the Kalka River.

* 1859 — The Clock Tower at the Houses of Parliament, which houses Big Ben, begins keeping time.

* 1911 — RMS Titanic is launched into the sea in Belfast, Northern Ireland.

* 1916 — World War I: Battle of Jutland: the Great British Fleet faces the High Seas Fleet in the largest naval battle of the war.

* 1921 — The Tulsa Race Massacre kills at least 39 people, but other estimates of Black fatalities range from 55 to about 300.

* 2009 — Air France Flight 447’s Airbus A330, between Rio de Janeiro and Paris, disappears over the Atlantic Ocean with 228 people on board, including 59 Brazilians. All passengers on board die.

* 2024 — Donald Trump becomes the first former U.S. president to be criminally convicted.

*⭐ Births:*

* 1469 — Manuel I of Portugal (d. 1521).

* 1491 — Ignatius of Loyola, Spanish theologian (d. 1556).

* 1819 — Walt Whitman, American poet (d. 1892).

* 1923 — Rainier III of Monaco (d. 2005).

* 1930 — Clint Eastwood, American actor, filmmaker, film producer, and composer.

* 1948 — Marco Nanini, Brazilian actor.

* 1976 — Colin Farrell, Irish actor.

*🕊️ Deaths:*

* 455 — Petronius Maximus, Roman emperor (d. 396).

* 1809 — Joseph Haydn, Austrian composer (d. 1732).

* 1832 — Évariste Galois, French mathematician (d. 1811).

* 1997 — Friar Damião, Italian religious figure (d. 1898).

* 2014 — Maurício Torres, Brazilian sports journalist, TV host, and narrator (d. 1971).

* 2019 — Roky Erickson, American singer and guitarist (d. 1947).

* 2021 — Sérgio Mascarenhas de Oliveira, Brazilian physical chemist, researcher, and university professor (d. 1928).

*📍 Holidays and Cyclical Events:*

*International:*

* World No Tobacco Day

* World Cabin Crew Day

*Europe:*

* Brothers’ Day

*Brazil:*

* Anniversary of the municipality of Feliz, Rio Grande do Sul

* Anniversary of the municipality of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais$XRP ‌