Wu said November Technical Report: Bitcoin Core first review released, Ethereum Fusaka awaiting Mainnet activation, Solana plans to accelerate inflation reduction, etc.

Compilation | GaryMa Wu said Blockchain

Wu said the team summarized the important dynamics in the blockchain technology field for November:

Bitcoin

· The security company Quarkslab completed the first public third-party security audit in the history of Bitcoin Core, funded by Brink and coordinated by OSTIF. The team invested 100 person-days, focusing on core modules such as P2P network, mempool, chain management, and consensus. The audit found no high-risk or medium-risk vulnerabilities, only 2 low-risk items and 13 improvement suggestions. This audit is seen as a key milestone for Bitcoin Core entering a mature and secure governance era.

Ethereum

· Fusaka upgrade progress: The testnet upgrade has been successfully completed, and the mainnet upgrade is scheduled for 2025–12–03 21:49 UTC.

· Glamsterdam Upgrade Preparation:

Confirmed EIP-7732/ePBS as the core proposal for the consensus layer; EIP-7928/Block-Level Access Lists as the core proposal for the execution layer;

FOCIL (Anti-censorship Transaction List): Leaning towards moving to the next Heka/Bogotá upgrade, but requires credible commitment.

· Vitalik Buterin showcased the Ethereum privacy framework Kohaku at Devcon. This open-source project is promoted by the Ethereum Foundation and aims to provide modular on-chain privacy and security components for the ecosystem. It currently includes foundational components that can integrate protocols such as Railgun and Privacy Pools, supporting developers in offering a default opt-in privacy mode for Ethereum-related wallets, and further exploring potential features like mixnet and ZK browsers.

· The Ethereum account and the Chain Abstraction team proposed the Ethereum Interoperability Layer (EIL) concept, aimed at making the operational experience of multiple L2 Rollups resemble that of a single Ethereum chain. EIL is based on ERC-4337 account abstraction, allowing users to initiate and settle cross-L2 operations directly from their wallets without the need for bridges, relayers, or other intermediaries. EIL features include: cross-chain transfers: automatically selecting networks to complete asset sending. Cross-chain minting of NFTs: integrating balances and handling cross-chain gas. Cross-chain asset swaps: automatically selecting trading paths without manual operation. The team stated that EIL will enhance the compatibility of multi-chain wallets and dApps, accelerate the adoption of new Rollups, and maintain Ethereum's trustless model.

· Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin tweeted that he expects Ethereum to shift from “full scaling” to “targeted optimization” next year, proposing a possible path: increasing the gas limit by 5 times while simultaneously raising the gas fees for high-cost on-chain operations by 5 times, covering SSTORE for new storage slots, some SSTORE operations, precompiled contracts (excluding elliptic curves), CALL for large contracts, complex arithmetic instructions, and calldata, in order to achieve overall throughput improvement and mitigate the excessive burden of inefficient operations on nodes.

· The Ethereum Gas Limit has been adjusted from 45M to 60M on November 25. Adjusting the Gas Limit requires the approval of more than half of the validators to take effect. Once over 50% support is reached, the Gas Limit will automatically adjust without the need for a hard fork. @nake13 stated that developers can now aggressively push for Ethereum L1 scaling, primarily due to three aspects of innovative synergy: the proposal layer EIP-7623 controlling block size while leaving safety margins, client optimizations that can accommodate high Gas demand, and no issues with testnet validation propagation. Future scaling still needs optimization for high-load cryptographic computations, controlling state bloat, and improving network propagation mechanisms, among others.

Ethereum L2s

· ZKsync announced the launch of the Atlas upgrade, transforming Ethereum into its real-time capital hub. This upgrade brings over 15,000 TPS, sub-second ZK finality, and near-zero fees, enabling real-time liquidity interoperability between L1 and L2. Atlas allows ZKsync-based chains to directly access Ethereum liquidity without the need to establish independent liquidity pools, fundamentally changing the capital structure between L1 and L2, making Ethereum an institutional-grade real-time settlement center. Ethereum founder Vitalik stated that ZKsync has made “underestimated but highly valuable contributions” to the Ethereum ecosystem.

· The zkSync Airbender prover has achieved the ability to quickly generate complete L1 Block proofs using only two RTX 5090 graphics cards, marking a significant increase in L1 Gas Limit, with L2 fees further approaching zero. Vitalik has highly praised it as a “huge milestone,” while noting that all similar systems generally have an average performance gap of about 60 times compared to the worst-case scenario. He suggests significantly increasing the costs of hard-to-prove operations like RSA through Gas Repricing, rather than engaging in hardware competition, to ensure that ordinary blocks remain easy to prove under future high Gas Limits, achieving a more secure and fair expansion.

· StarkWare announced the launch of the next-generation proof system S-two, which is currently used to verify each Starknet Block, supporting decentralized proofs, client proofs, and large-scale privacy protection, making the proof process no longer a bottleneck for the system.

Solana

· The Solana community proposed the SIMD-0411 proposal: suggesting to directly double the inflation reduction rate from -15% to -30%. This simple parameter adjustment will accelerate the inflation rate from the current 4.18% down to a long-term target of 1.5% (moving the original plan from early 2032 to early 2029), taking about 3.1 years instead of 6.2 years, with an expected reduction of 22.3 million SOL issued (approximately 2.9 billion USD) over the next six years, alleviating staking yield pressure and improving SOL holding efficiency. The proposal is simple and predictable, and has entered the governance discussion stage.

BNB Chain

· The BNB Chain development team announced that the Fermi Hardfork has been officially released. This upgrade shortens the block interval from 750 milliseconds to 450 milliseconds, significantly improving transaction efficiency, network throughput, and overall performance. The testnet upgrade is scheduled to start on November 10, 2025, at 02:25 (UTC), and the mainnet activation time will be announced after the stress testing is completed.

· The BNB Chain developer team has announced that the current BNB Chain multi-signature wallet will soon cease operations. The official reminder for all multi-signature users is to migrate their assets to Safe Global as soon as possible to ensure the safety of their funds.

Avalanche

· Launched the Granite upgrade, targeting a 2-second settlement speed. Granite includes three core updates: dynamically adjusting transaction processing speed to respond to on-chain traffic fluctuations, reducing cross-chain transaction costs, and introducing biometric signature features (supporting fingerprint, facial recognition, and other verification methods).

Security-related

· The cybersecurity company Socket claims that a malicious Chrome extension named Crypto Copilot allows users to trade Solana directly on X, but secretly adds a command in each exchange to transfer at least 0.0013 SOL or 0.05% of the transaction amount to the attacker's wallet. The plugin executes exchanges through Raydium and attaches additional transfer commands in the background, while the wallet interface does not display the specific command content. The plugin was launched in June 2024 and has only about 15 users, and a takedown request has been submitted to the Chrome Web Store.

· Cardano experienced a brief chain split on Friday due to an old code vulnerability, stemming from a malformed ADA delegation transaction that triggered node divergence. The incident was caused by a “malformed” delegation transaction, which, although valid at the protocol level, triggered a known vulnerability in the underlying software library, leading to network partitioning. Intersect stated that staking pool operators have been asked to update their nodes to re-merge the chain history. Cardano founder Charles Hoskinson mentioned that the FBI has intervened in the investigation. The community had mixed reactions, with some users joking that almost no one noticed the chain split, “because hardly anyone uses it.”

Other

· Succinct announced that its next-generation zkVM “SP1 Hypercube” has achieved “home-grade real-time proof,” capable of real-time proving approximately 99.7% of Ethereum blocks with only 16 RTX 5090 graphics cards and total capital expenditure (CAPEX) of less than $100,000. It optimized the arithmetic layer and removed reliance on “proximity gap” type assumptions, and, under the sponsorship of the Ethereum Foundation, collaborated with NethermindSec to become the first zkVM to complete “instruction constraint formal verification.”

· Circle launched the xReserve infrastructure, allowing blockchain projects to issue stablecoins backed by USDC, which can interoperate with USDC on a 1:1 basis. The system holds USDC reserves through smart contracts and utilizes the xReserve certification mechanism to achieve cross-chain deposits, burns, and minting processes, reducing dependence on third-party cross-chain bridges. Canton and Stacks will be the first to integrate xReserve, launching their respective USDC-backed stablecoins.

· Brevis released the ProverNet white paper, proposing a decentralized zero-knowledge proof generation market based on the TODA (True Online Dual Auction) mechanism, aimed at matching diverse computing tasks with dedicated proof hardware. Leveraging integration experience with projects like PancakeSwap, Uniswap, Euler, Linea, and MetaMask, ProverNet aims to enhance the performance and efficiency of zero-knowledge proof systems across different computing scenarios. The market will operate on the Brevis Chain and is set to launch soon.

· ENS announced that it will migrate Namechain to Nethermind's Surge — a rollup framework based on the Taiko technology stack. The official statement indicates that the native settlement and sequencer mechanism based on Ethereum better meets Namechain's core requirements for fast finality, censorship resistance, and decentralization.

· The creator of Zcash (ZEC), Electric Coin Co. (ECC), has released the roadmap for Q4 2025, focusing on reducing technical debt, enhancing the privacy and usability of Zashi wallet users, and ensuring the smooth management of the development fund. Key plans include: adding temporary transparent addresses for all ZEC swaps using the NEAR Intents protocol, generating a new transparent address after the address receives funds, and supporting Pay-to-Script-Hash (P2SH) multi-signatures for Keystone hardware wallets.

· The Berachain Foundation has released a core update stating that the hard fork version has been distributed, and most validators have completed the upgrade. The main task now is to wait for the core infrastructure (such as the liquidation oracle) to update the RPC and resume block production. In addition, the foundation confirmed that MEV bot operators holding BEX funds, who claim to be white hats, have agreed to return the funds after the chain recovery, transferring them back to the Berachain deployer address 0xD276…32A2. After the chain is back online, the team will announce security reinforcement measures for BEX and core applications, as well as subsequent plans.

· Injective announced the official launch of its native EVM mainnet on its Cosmos-based Layer 1 Blockchain, bringing comprehensive compatibility with the Ethereum ecosystem. This move is a key advancement in its MultiVM roadmap, aiming to build a unified multi-virtual machine smart contract execution environment, which will support WebAssembly, EVM, and Solana virtual machines in the future, enabling the sharing of liquidity, assets, state, and modules within the ecosystem.