To truly become the home for applications, Ethereum must undergo a "metamorphosis." Vitalik's recent reflections touch on the essence of this issue: Ethereum cannot rely on developers forever; the protocol itself must possess self-stabilizing capabilities.

Understanding this with a different analogy becomes clearer—imagine a hammer. Once you buy it, it’s yours forever, without worrying about the manufacturer going bankrupt, being attacked, or running away. That is the state Ethereum aims to achieve: a "frozen," highly stable protocol capable of operating independently for decades.

To accomplish this, Ethereum’s improvement directions are quite clear:

**Proactively Address Quantum Threats**. We cannot wait until quantum computing truly arrives to scramble for solutions; we need to ensure security at the cryptographic level at least a hundred years in advance.

**Achieve a Qualitative Leap in Throughput**. Strive for thousands of TPS through solutions like PeerDAS and ZK-EVM, but more importantly, enable future scalability by simply adjusting parameters, avoiding hard forks.

**Ensure Sustainable Storage and Node Operations**. As blockchain historical data continues to accumulate, mechanisms like state expiry and partial statelessness are needed to give future node operators a breather, ensuring newcomers can run full nodes decades from now.

**Update the Account Model to Keep Pace with the Times**. Abandon outdated ECDSA signature schemes in favor of more flexible, universal models.

**Ensure Gas Scheduling is Flawless**. Whether executing ordinary transactions or generating ZK proofs, thoroughly close off DoS attack vectors.

**Make PoS Economics Truly Robust**. Learn from past lessons to optimize ETH staking, ensuring it remains a trustworthy, long-term value anchor.

**Maintain Uncompromising Censorship Resistance**. As centralization pressures on block construction grow, mechanisms must be in place to counteract them.

These seven directions may seem like technical details, but fundamentally, they answer the same question: Can Ethereum truly become the infrastructure of trust minimized? This concerns not only the protocol itself but also the security and confidence of thousands of applications and users within the entire ecosystem.