Comparison of Key Layer 1 Networks Listed on Domestic Exchanges | Speed and Fees for Cryptocurrencies Such as Sui and Solana

What Is a Layer 1 Blockchain?

A Layer 1 blockchain is a standalone blockchain network that processes transactions and executes smart contracts independently. As the foundational layer of blockchain technology, it provides the core infrastructure on which various applications and services are built.

Prominent examples of Layer 1 blockchains include Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Solana. Each network utilizes its own consensus mechanism and technical architecture, optimized for specific uses and goals. Layer 1 chains are distinguished by their high security and decentralization. Because they operate independently, they are less reliant on external components and offer robust security.

However, Layer 1 chains face scalability challenges as transaction volumes rise, which can result in network congestion and higher fees. To address this, solutions such as Layer 2 protocols have been introduced—Ethereum, for example, employs Layer 2 solutions to boost throughput and lower transaction costs. Layer 2 technologies supplement Layer 1 by enabling faster and more affordable transactions while reducing the operating load on the base network.

Analytics firm CoinGecko reports that native tokens for Layer 1 blockchains have seen substantial growth in recent years. Major assets like BTC and ETH have reached new all-time highs, while other tokens have surged in niche markets. This growth is fueled by rising demand across diverse sectors such as DeFi, NFT, and blockchain gaming.

When evaluating investments or considering development on a Layer 1 blockchain, it is critical to assess its security, scalability, and ecosystem growth potential holistically. It is essential to carefully analyze each network’s technical features, developer community activity, and real-world use cases.

Key Specs Comparison Table: Major Layer 1 Projects Listed on Japanese Exchanges

The table below summarizes TPS (transactions per second), gas fees (transaction fees), main use cases, and listing status on Japanese exchanges for each project. This allows a quick comparison of performance and characteristics across leading Layer 1 blockchains.

*TPS indicates both theoretical maximum and observed network values. Gas fees are recent approximate averages. Exchange rate: $1 ≈ ¥130.

This comparison shows that each Layer 1 chain offers a different technical approach and performance profile. Ethereum stands out for its versatility and mature ecosystem, but it faces challenges with processing speed and transaction fees. In contrast, newer chains like Solana and Sui deliver high throughput and low fees, though their ecosystems are less established than Ethereum’s. When investing or developing, it is essential to understand these distinctions and choose solutions that match your objectives.